A special type of organic waste utilization is surface composting and mulching. Instead of transporting dead plant branches or leaves to the compost pile, they are evacuated directly and evenly on site. This is very labor efficient when larger areas of land are involved, as there is no need to reuse the finished compost. The material used for surface composting is tilled beneath the soil, while the material used for mulching remains on the soil surface. For densely cultivated gardens, mulching with organic material is easier than with surface composting, which is recommended prior to the placement of a new garden.

Compost pile​

Not all locations in the garden are suitable for making compost. If possible, the compost pile should be set up in a shady part of the garden to prevent the compost pile from dehydrating.

Extreme weather conditions can discourage composting, so the location where the compost pile is located should be surrounded by a hedge, bean stand or wall planting to prevent it from being damaged by strong winds.

If the composting material is a mixture of food waste and garden waste, there is no need to add any additives. The success of composting depends on the richness and diversity of the materials used, i.e., the materials should be coarse and fine, soft and hard.

The more diverse the mixture of organic waste, the better the decomposition process and the higher the value of the final compost pile. It is possible to either build up the compost pile layer by layer or gradually mix together the available materials on hand. The only important thing is to avoid adding large amounts of the same material to the compost pile at once, for example, adding only leaves or grass clippings.

In order to accelerate the decomposition of the starting material, we have to shred particularly hard and bulky organic waste.

Composting is a biological process. In order to initiate and accelerate the process of composting, it is necessary to improve the living environment of the microorganisms involved in the process of composting, and therefore it is necessary to take into account the specific needs of these microorganisms. The following factors are particularly important.

The key to making compost is to create excellent living conditions for aerobic microorganisms to create excellent living conditions. Only with the help of these microorganisms is it possible for organic waste to be decomposed without producing odor.

First, mix approximately the same weight of green garden waste (i.e., cut grass) with brown waste (i.e., dead plants).

Once the material is well mixed, chop it up as much as possible to speed up the composting process. You can use a machete or sharp shovel, or a lawn mower to press over the mixture. Or you can put the mixture in a metal bin and chop it up with a weed whacker. The smaller the material, the faster it will break down.

We all know that when making compost, kitchen waste should be separated from garden waste. This is because kitchen waste can attract rats and other city pests! Therefore, we need to use a safer or "protected" system for this type of composting.

In 2020, only the EU produced a total of 225.7 million tons of municipal waste, of which up to 50% of municipal solid waste is biological waste.